Following the 1092 invasion of Cumbria by Rufus, William the Conqueror’s offspring, the landscape witnessed a transformation. Entrusted with lands by Rufus, the barons embarked on constructing fortifications, not just as symbols of their power but as a testament to their newly acquired domains.
Initial Strongholds of Wood and Earth
The architectural journey began with wooden towers fortified by earthworks and ditches, dotting locations like Bewcastle, Brough, Carlisle, and Liddel. Soon after, Beaumont, Burgh-by-Sands, and Maryport also witnessed the rise of such structures.
Transition to Stone and Expansion
In 1136, the Scottish reigned over Cumbria, but by 1157, the English reclaimed it. This change brought with it a shift from wood to stone constructions. Appleby, Brough, Brougham, and Carlisle housed the pioneering stone keeps. The 14th century marked a significant era of architectural wonders, with new structures emerging in locations like Arnside, Cockermouth, Dacre, Dalton, and several others.
Decline and Endurance
Post the 16th century, many of these majestic structures suffered neglect and decay, exacerbated by the civil war’s ravages. Yet, the resilience of tower houses stands out, as many of them, against all odds, remain inhabited to this day, bearing silent witness to history’s ebb and flow.
Legacy of the Cumbrian Fortresses
As the pages of history turn, Cumbria’s castles remain steadfast symbols of a bygone era. Their ruins, whether standing tall or weathered by time, narrate tales of power, resistance, and architectural prowess. Today, as many continue to serve as homes or tourist attractions, they offer a bridge to the past, reminding us of the region’s rich heritage. The resilience and endurance of these structures inspire awe and respect, ensuring that Cumbria’s legacy remains etched in stone for generations to come.